📝 Add document for message template (#789)

* 📝 Add document for message template

* 📝 🎨 Optimize example reading experience for message template

* 🚨 auto fix by pre-commit hooks

Co-authored-by: pre-commit-ci[bot] <66853113+pre-commit-ci[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>

nonebot/internal/adapter/message.py

@@ -120,24 +120,8 @@ class Message(List[TMS], abc.ABC):
 
         并且提供了拓展的格式化控制符, 可以用适用于该消息类型的 `MessageSegment` 的工厂方法创建消息
 
-        用法:
-            ```python
-            >>> Message.template("{} {}").format("hello", "world") # 基础演示
-            Message(MessageSegment(type='text', data={'text': 'hello world'}))
-            >>> Message.template("{} {}").format(MessageSegment.image("file///..."), "world") # 支持消息段等对象
-            Message(MessageSegment(type='image', data={'file': 'file///...'}), MessageSegment(type='text', data={'text': 'world'}))
-            >>> Message.template( # 支持以Message对象作为消息模板
-            ...       MessageSegment.text('test {event.user_id}') + MessageSegment.face(233) +
-            ...       MessageSegment.text('test {event.message}')).format(event={'user_id':123456, 'message':'hello world'})
-            Message(MessageSegment(type='text', data={'text': 'test 123456'}),
-                    MessageSegment(type='face', data={'face': 233}),
-                    MessageSegment(type='text', data={'text': 'test hello world'}))
-            >>> Message.template("{link:image}").format(link='https://...') # 支持拓展格式化控制符
-            Message(MessageSegment(type='image', data={'file': 'https://...'}))
-            ```
-
         参数:
-            format_string: 格式化字符串
+            format_string: 格式化模板
 
         返回:
             消息格式化器

poetry.lock

@@ -559,7 +559,7 @@ six = ">=1.6.1"
 type = "git"
 url = "https://github.com/nonebot/nb-autodoc.git"
 reference = "master"
-resolved_reference = "270ea14706a5fff60f3fd5bcdff11d437a5ca612"
+resolved_reference = "5f72def064a933a70e54d98e4f0b752a4249022a"
 
 [[package]]
 name = "nodeenv"
@@ -729,7 +729,7 @@ diagrams = ["jinja2", "railroad-diagrams"]
 
 [[package]]
 name = "pytest"
-version = "7.0.0"
+version = "7.0.1"
 description = "pytest: simple powerful testing with Python"
 category = "dev"
 optional = false
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@@ -1272,6 +1281,9 @@ brotli = [
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@@ -1279,6 +1291,9 @@ brotli = [
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@@ -1658,9 +1661,6 @@ markupsafe = [
     {file = "MarkupSafe-2.0.1-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_17_aarch64.manylinux2014_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:c47adbc92fc1bb2b3274c4b3a43ae0e4573d9fbff4f54cd484555edbf030baf1"},
     {file = "MarkupSafe-2.0.1-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_5_i686.manylinux1_i686.manylinux_2_12_i686.manylinux2010_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:37205cac2a79194e3750b0af2a5720d95f786a55ce7df90c3af697bfa100eaac"},
     {file = "MarkupSafe-2.0.1-cp39-cp39-manylinux_2_5_x86_64.manylinux1_x86_64.manylinux_2_12_x86_64.manylinux2010_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:1f2ade76b9903f39aa442b4aadd2177decb66525062db244b35d71d0ee8599b6"},
-    {file = "MarkupSafe-2.0.1-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_aarch64.whl", hash = "sha256:4296f2b1ce8c86a6aea78613c34bb1a672ea0e3de9c6ba08a960efe0b0a09047"},
-    {file = "MarkupSafe-2.0.1-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_i686.whl", hash = "sha256:9f02365d4e99430a12647f09b6cc8bab61a6564363f313126f775eb4f6ef798e"},
-    {file = "MarkupSafe-2.0.1-cp39-cp39-musllinux_1_1_x86_64.whl", hash = "sha256:5b6d930f030f8ed98e3e6c98ffa0652bdb82601e7a016ec2ab5d7ff23baa78d1"},
     {file = "MarkupSafe-2.0.1-cp39-cp39-win32.whl", hash = "sha256:10f82115e21dc0dfec9ab5c0223652f7197feb168c940f3ef61563fc2d6beb74"},
     {file = "MarkupSafe-2.0.1-cp39-cp39-win_amd64.whl", hash = "sha256:693ce3f9e70a6cf7d2fb9e6c9d8b204b6b39897a2c4a1aa65728d5ac97dcc1d8"},
     {file = "MarkupSafe-2.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:594c67807fb16238b30c44bdf74f36c02cdf22d1c8cda91ef8a0ed8dabf5620a"},
@@ -1859,8 +1859,8 @@ pyparsing = [
     {file = "pyparsing-3.0.7.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:18ee9022775d270c55187733956460083db60b37d0d0fb357445f3094eed3eea"},
 ]
 pytest = [
-    {file = "pytest-7.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:42901e6bd4bd4a0e533358a86e848427a49005a3256f657c5c8f8dd35ef137a9"},
+    {file = "pytest-7.0.1-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:9ce3ff477af913ecf6321fe337b93a2c0dcf2a0a1439c43f5452112c1e4280db"},
-    {file = "pytest-7.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:dad48ffda394e5ad9aa3b7d7ddf339ed502e5e365b1350e0af65f4a602344b11"},
+    {file = "pytest-7.0.1.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e30905a0c131d3d94b89624a1cc5afec3e0ba2fbdb151867d8e0ebd49850f171"},
 ]
 pytest-cov = [
     {file = "pytest-cov-3.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:e7f0f5b1617d2210a2cabc266dfe2f4c75a8d32fb89eafb7ad9d06f6d076d470"},

tests/test_adapters/test_message.py

@@ -141,13 +141,10 @@ def test_message_validate():
         [MessageSegment.text("text")]
     )
 
-    assert (
+    assert parse_obj_as(
-        parse_obj_as(
         Message,
         [MessageSegment.text("text"), {"type": "text", "data": {"text": "text"}}],
-        )
+    ) == Message([MessageSegment.text("text"), MessageSegment.text("text")])
-        == Message([MessageSegment.text("text"), MessageSegment.text("text")])
-    )
 
     try:
         parse_obj_as(Message, object())

website/docs/tutorial/process-message.md

@@ -12,17 +12,37 @@ options:
 
 ## NoneBot2 中的消息
 
-在不同平台中，消息会有各种不同的表现形式，可能是一段纯文本、一张图片、一段语音、一篇富文本文章，也有可能是多种类型的组合等等。而在 NoneBot2 中，为确保消息的正常处理与跨平台兼容性，采用了扁平化的消息序列形式，即 `Message` 对象。
+在不同平台中，一条消息可能会有承载有各种不同的表现形式，它可能是一段纯文本、一张图片、一段语音、一篇富文本文章，也有可能是多种类型的组合等等。
 
-`Message` 序列由多个消息段 `MessageSegment` 组成，继承自 `List[MessageSegment]`，并在此基础上添加或强化了一些特性。
+在 NoneBot2 中，为确保消息的正常处理与跨平台兼容性，采用了扁平化的消息序列形式，即 `Message` 对象。
 
-`MessageSegment` 是一个 dataclass ，它具有一个类型标识 `type`，以及一些对应的数据信息 `data`。
+`Message` 是多个消息段 `MessageSegment` 的集合，它继承自 `List[MessageSegment]`，并在此基础上添加或强化了一些特性。
+
+`MessageSegment` 是一个 [`dataclass`](https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/dataclasses.html#dataclasses.dataclass) ，它具有一个类型标识 `type`，以及一些对应的数据信息 `data`。
 
 此外，NoneBot2 还提供了 `MessageTemplate` ，用于构建支持消息序列以及消息段的特殊消息模板。
 
 ## 使用消息序列
 
-通常情况下，适配器在接收到消息时，会将消息转换为消息序列，可以通过 [`EventMessage`](./plugin/create-handler.md#EventMessage) 或者 `event.get_message()` 获取。
+通常情况下，适配器在接收到消息时，会将消息转换为消息序列，可以通过 [`EventMessage`](./plugin/create-handler.md#EventMessage) 作为依赖注入, 或者使用 `event.get_message()` 获取。
+
+由于它是`List[MessageSegment]`的子类, 所以你总是可以用和操作 List 类似的方式来处理消息序列
+
+```python
+>>> message = Message([
+    MessageSegment(type='text', data={'text':'hello'}),
+    MessageSegment(type='image', data={'url':'http://example.com/image.png'}),
+    MessageSegment(type='text', data={'text':'world'}),
+])
+>>> for segment in message:
+...     print(segment.type, segment.data)
+...
+text {'text': 'hello'}
+image {'url': 'http://example.com/image.png'}
+text {'text': 'world'}
+>>> len(message)
+3
+```
 
 ### 构造消息序列
 
@@ -181,4 +201,52 @@ msg.extend([MessageSegment.text("text")])
 
 ## 使用消息模板
 
-<!-- TODO -->
+为了提供安全可靠的跨平台模板字符, 我们提供了一个消息模板功能来构建消息序列
+
+它在以下常见场景中尤其有用:
+
+- 多行富文本编排(包含图片,文字以及表情等)
+
+- 客制化(由 Bot 最终用户提供消息模板时)
+
+在事实上, 它的用法和`str.format`极为相近, 所以你在使用的时候, 总是可以参考[Python 文档](https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/stdtypes.html#str.format)来达到你想要的效果
+
+这里给出几个简单的例子:
+
+:::tip
+这里面所有的`Message`均是用对应 Adapter 的实现导入的, 而不是抽象基类
+:::
+
+```python title="基础格式化用法"
+>>> Message.template("{} {}").format("hello", "world")
+Message(
+    MessageSegment.text("hello"),
+    MessageSegment.text(" "),
+    MessageSegment.text("world")
+)
+```
+
+```python title="对消息段进行安全的拼接"
+>>> Message.template("{} {}").format(MessageSegment.image("file:///..."), "world")
+Message(
+    MessageSegment(type='image', data={'file': 'file:///...'}),
+    MessageSegment(type='text', data={'text': 'world'})
+)
+```
+
+```python title="以消息对象作为模板"
+>>> Message.template(
+...     MessageSegment.text('test {user_id}') + MessageSegment.face(233) +
+...     MessageSegment.text('test {message}')).format_map({'user_id':123456, 'message':'hello world'}
+... )
+Message(
+    MessageSegment(type='text', data={'text': 'test 123456'}),
+    MessageSegment(type='face', data={'face': 233}),
+    MessageSegment(type='text', data={'text': 'test hello world'})
+)
+```
+
+```python title="使用消息段的拓展格式规格"
+>>> Message.template("{link:image}").format(link='https://...')
+Message(MessageSegment(type='image', data={'file': 'https://...'}))
+```