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366 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
366 lines
8.6 KiB
Markdown
---
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sidebar_position: 4
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description: 定义事件处理流程，完成事件响应
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options:
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menu:
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weight: 27
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category: guide
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---
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# 定义事件处理流程
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在上一章节中，我们已经定义了事件响应器，在这一章中，我们将会为事件响应器填充处理流程。
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## 添加一个处理依赖
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在事件响应器中，事件处理流程由一个或多个处理依赖组成，每个处理依赖都是一个 `Dependent`，详情可以参考 [进阶 - 依赖注入](../../advanced/di/dependency-injection.md)。下面介绍如何添加一个处理依赖。
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### 使用 `handle` 装饰器
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```python {3-5}
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matcher = on_message()
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@matcher.handle()
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async def handle_func():
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# do something here
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```
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如上方示例所示，我们使用 `matcher` 响应器的 `handle` 装饰器装饰了一个函数 `handle_func` 。`handle_func` 函数会被自动转换为 `Dependent` 对象，并被添加到 `matcher` 的事件处理流程中。
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在 `handle_func` 函数中，我们可以编写任何事件响应逻辑，如：操作数据库，发送消息等。上下文信息可以通过依赖注入的方式获取，参考：[获取上下文信息](#获取上下文信息)。发送消息可以通过 [事件响应器操作](./matcher-operation.md) 或者直接调用 Bot 的方法（ API 等，由协议适配器决定）。
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:::warning 注意
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`handle_func` 函数虽然会被装饰器自动转换为 `Dependent` 对象，但 `handle_func` 仍然为原本的函数，因此 `handle_func` 函数可以进行复用。如：
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```python
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matcher1 = on_message()
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matcher2 = on_message()
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@matcher1.handle()
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@matcher2.handle()
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async def handle_func():
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# do something here
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```
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:::
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### 使用 `receive` 装饰器
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```python {3-5}
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matcher = on_message()
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@matcher.receive("id")
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async def handle_func(e: Event = Received("id")):
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# do something here
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```
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`receive` 装饰器与 `handle` 装饰器一样，可以装饰一个函数添加到事件响应器的事件处理流程中。但与 `handle` 装饰器不同的是，`receive` 装饰器会中断当前事件处理流程，等待接收一个新的事件，就像是会话状态等待用户一个新的事件。可以接收的新的事件类型取决于事件响应器的 [`type`](./create-matcher.md#事件响应器类型-type) 更新值以及 [`permission`](./create-matcher.md#事件触发权限-permission) 更新值，可以通过自定义更新方法来控制会话响应（如进行非消息交互、多人会话、跨群会话等）。
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`receive` 装饰器接受一个可选参数 `id` ，用于标识当前需要接收的事件，如果不指定，则默认为空 `""`。
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在 `handle_func` 函数中，可以通过依赖注入的方式来获取接收到的事件，参考：[`Received`](#received), [`LastReceived`](#lastreceived)。
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:::important 提示
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`receive` 装饰器可以和自身与 `got` 装饰器嵌套使用
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:::
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:::warning 注意
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如果存在多个 `receive` 装饰器，则必须指定不相同的多个 `id`；否则相同的 `id` 将会被跳过接收。
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```python
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matcher = on_message()
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@matcher.receive("id1")
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@matcher.receive("id2")
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async def handle_func():
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# do something here
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```
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:::
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### 使用 `got` 装饰器
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```python {3-5}
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matcher = on_message()
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@matcher.got("key")
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async def handle_func(key: Message = Arg()):
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# do something here
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```
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`got` 装饰器与 `receive` 装饰器一样，会中断当前事件处理流程，等待接收一个新的事件。但与 `receive` 装饰器不同的是，`got` 装饰器用于接收一条消息，并且可以控制是否向用户发送询问 `prompt` 等，更贴近于对话形式会话。
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`got` 装饰器接受一个参数 `key` 和一个可选参数 `prompt`，当 `key` 不存在时，会向用户发送 `prompt` 消息，并等待用户回复。
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在 `handle_func` 函数中，可以通过依赖注入的方式来获取接收到的消息，参考：[`Arg`](#arg), [`ArgStr`](#argstr), [`ArgPlainText`](#argplaintext)。
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:::important 提示
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`got` 装饰器可以和自身与 `receive` 装饰器嵌套使用
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:::
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### 直接添加
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```python {2}
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matcher = on_message(
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handlers=[handle_func, or_dependent]
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)
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```
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:::warning 注意
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通过该方法添加的处理依赖将会处于整个事件处理流程的最前，因此，如果再使用 `handle` 等装饰器，则会在其之后。
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:::
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## 事件处理流程
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<!-- TODO -->
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## 获取上下文信息
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### Bot
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```python {7-9}
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from typing import Union
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from nonebot.adapters import Bot
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from nonebot.adapters.ding import Bot as DingBot
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from nonebot.adapters.onebot.v11 import Bot as OneBotV11Bot
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async def _(foo: Bot): ...
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async def _(foo: Union[DingBot, OneBotV11Bot]): ...
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async def _(bot): ... # 兼容性处理
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```
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### Event
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```python {6-8}
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from typing import Union
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from nonebot.adapters import Event
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from nonebot.adapters.onebot.v11 import PrivateMessageEvent, GroupMessageEvent
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async def _(foo: Event): ...
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async def _(foo: Union[PrivateMessageEvent, GroupMessageEvent]): ...
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async def _(event): ... # 兼容性处理
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```
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### EventType
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```python {3}
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from nonebot.params import EventType
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async def _(foo: str = EventType()): ...
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```
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### EventMessage
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```python {4}
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from nonebot.adapters import Message
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from nonebot.params import EventMessage
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async def _(foo: str = EventMessage()): ...
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```
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### EventPlainText
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```python {3}
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from nonebot.params import EventPlainText
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async def _(foo: str = EventPlainText()): ...
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```
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### EventToMe
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```python {3}
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from nonebot.params import EventToMe
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async def _(foo: bool = EventToMe()): ...
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```
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### State
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```python {4}
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from nonebot.params import State
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from nonebot.typing import T_State
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async def _(foo: T_State = State()): ...
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```
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### Command
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```python {7}
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from nonebot import on_command
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from nonebot.params import Command
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matcher = on_command("cmd")
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: Tuple[str, ...] = Command()): ...
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```
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### CommandArg
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```python {8}
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from nonebot import on_command
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from nonebot.adapters import Message
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from nonebot.params import CommandArg
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matcher = on_command("cmd")
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: Message = CommandArg()): ...
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```
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### ShellCommandArgs
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```python {7}
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from nonebot import on_shell_command
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from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs
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matcher = on_shell_command("cmd", parser)
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: Dict[str, Any] = ShellCommandArgs()): ...
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```
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### ShellCommandArgv
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```python {7}
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from nonebot import on_shell_command
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from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs
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matcher = on_shell_command("cmd")
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: List[str] = ShellCommandArgv()): ...
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```
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### RegexMatched
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```python {7}
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from nonebot import on_regex
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from nonebot.params import RegexMatched
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matcher = on_regex("regex")
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: str = RegexMatched()): ...
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```
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### RegexGroup
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```python {7}
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from nonebot import on_regex
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from nonebot.params import RegexGroup
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matcher = on_regex("regex")
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: Tuple[Any, ...] = RegexGroup()): ...
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```
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### RegexDict
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```python {7}
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from nonebot import on_regex
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from nonebot.params import RegexDict
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matcher = on_regex("regex")
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: Dict[str, Any] = RegexDict()): ...
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```
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### Matcher
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```python {7}
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from nonebot import on_message
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from nonebot.matcher import Matcher
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foo = on_message()
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@foo.handle()
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async def _(matcher: Matcher): ...
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```
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### Received
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```python {8}
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from nonebot import on_message
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from nonebot.adapters import Event
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from nonebot.params import Received
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matcher = on_message()
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@matcher.receive("id")
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async def _(foo: Event = Received("id")): ...
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```
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### LastReceived
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```python {8}
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from nonebot import on_message
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from nonebot.adapters import Event
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from nonebot.params import LastReceived
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matcher = on_message()
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@matcher.receive("any")
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async def _(foo: Event = LastReceived()): ...
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```
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### Arg
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```python {8-9}
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from nonebot.params import Arg
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from nonebot import on_message
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from nonebot.adapters import Message
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matcher = on_message()
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@matcher.got("key")
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async def _(key: Message = Arg()): ...
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async def _(foo: Message = Arg("key")): ...
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```
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### ArgStr
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```python {7-8}
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from nonebot import on_message
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from nonebot.params import ArgStr
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matcher = on_message()
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@matcher.got("key")
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async def _(key: str = ArgStr()): ...
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async def _(foo: str = ArgStr("key")): ...
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```
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### ArgPlainText
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```python {7-8}
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from nonebot import on_message
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from nonebot.params import ArgPlainText
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matcher = on_message()
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@matcher.got("key")
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async def _(key: str = ArgPlainText()): ...
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async def _(foo: str = ArgPlainText("key")): ...
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```
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### Exception
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```python {4}
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from nonebot.message import run_postprocessor
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@run_postprocessor
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async def _(e: Exception): ...
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```
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### Default
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```python {1}
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async def _(foo="bar"): ...
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```
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