diff --git a/milli/src/update/index_documents/cache.rs b/milli/src/update/index_documents/cache.rs
index 51adf4ee5..338c564e6 100644
--- a/milli/src/update/index_documents/cache.rs
+++ b/milli/src/update/index_documents/cache.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
-use std::borrow::Cow;
+use std::borrow::{Borrow, Cow};
+use std::hash::Hash;
+use std::iter::Chain;
 use std::mem;
 use std::num::NonZeroUsize;
 
-use lru::LruCache;
+use lru::{IntoIter, LruCache};
 use roaring::RoaringBitmap;
 use smallvec::SmallVec;
 
@@ -10,7 +12,7 @@ use crate::update::del_add::{DelAdd, KvWriterDelAdd};
 use crate::CboRoaringBitmapCodec;
 
 pub struct SorterCacheDelAddCboRoaringBitmap<const N: usize, MF> {
-    cache: LruCache<SmallVec<[u8; N]>, DelAddRoaringBitmap>,
+    cache: ArcCache<SmallVec<[u8; N]>, DelAddRoaringBitmap>,
     prefix: &'static [u8; 3],
     sorter: grenad::Sorter<MF>,
     deladd_buffer: Vec<u8>,
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ impl<const N: usize, MF> SorterCacheDelAddCboRoaringBitmap<N, MF> {
         conn: redis::Connection,
     ) -> Self {
         SorterCacheDelAddCboRoaringBitmap {
-            cache: LruCache::new(cap),
+            cache: ArcCache::new(cap),
             prefix,
             sorter,
             deladd_buffer: Vec::new(),
@@ -41,15 +43,22 @@ where
     MF: for<'a> Fn(&[u8], &[Cow<'a, [u8]>]) -> Result<Cow<'a, [u8]>, U>,
 {
     pub fn insert_del_u32(&mut self, key: &[u8], n: u32) -> Result<(), grenad::Error<U>> {
-        match self.cache.get_mut(key) {
+        let (cache, evicted) = self.cache.get_mut(key);
+        match cache {
             Some(DelAddRoaringBitmap { del, add: _ }) => {
                 del.get_or_insert_with(RoaringBitmap::new).insert(n);
-                Ok(())
             }
-            None => match self.cache.push(key.into(), DelAddRoaringBitmap::new_del_u32(n)) {
-                Some((key, deladd)) => self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, deladd),
-                None => Ok(()),
-            },
+            None => {
+                let value = DelAddRoaringBitmap::new_del_u32(n);
+                if let Some((key, deladd)) = self.cache.push(key.into(), value) {
+                    self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, deladd)?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        match evicted {
+            Some((key, value)) => self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, value),
+            None => Ok(()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -58,28 +67,42 @@ where
         key: &[u8],
         bitmap: RoaringBitmap,
     ) -> Result<(), grenad::Error<U>> {
-        match self.cache.get_mut(key) {
+        let (cache, evicted) = self.cache.get_mut(key);
+        match cache {
             Some(DelAddRoaringBitmap { del, add: _ }) => {
                 *del.get_or_insert_with(RoaringBitmap::new) |= bitmap;
-                Ok(())
             }
-            None => match self.cache.push(key.into(), DelAddRoaringBitmap::new_del(bitmap)) {
-                Some((key, deladd)) => self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, deladd),
-                None => Ok(()),
-            },
+            None => {
+                let value = DelAddRoaringBitmap::new_del(bitmap);
+                if let Some((key, deladd)) = self.cache.push(key.into(), value) {
+                    self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, deladd)?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        match evicted {
+            Some((key, value)) => self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, value),
+            None => Ok(()),
         }
     }
 
     pub fn insert_add_u32(&mut self, key: &[u8], n: u32) -> Result<(), grenad::Error<U>> {
-        match self.cache.get_mut(key) {
+        let (cache, evicted) = self.cache.get_mut(key);
+        match cache {
             Some(DelAddRoaringBitmap { del: _, add }) => {
                 add.get_or_insert_with(RoaringBitmap::new).insert(n);
-                Ok(())
             }
-            None => match self.cache.push(key.into(), DelAddRoaringBitmap::new_add_u32(n)) {
-                Some((key, deladd)) => self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, deladd),
-                None => Ok(()),
-            },
+            None => {
+                let value = DelAddRoaringBitmap::new_add_u32(n);
+                if let Some((key, deladd)) = self.cache.push(key.into(), value) {
+                    self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, deladd)?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        match evicted {
+            Some((key, value)) => self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, value),
+            None => Ok(()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -88,29 +111,43 @@ where
         key: &[u8],
         bitmap: RoaringBitmap,
     ) -> Result<(), grenad::Error<U>> {
-        match self.cache.get_mut(key) {
+        let (cache, evicted) = self.cache.get_mut(key);
+        match cache {
             Some(DelAddRoaringBitmap { del: _, add }) => {
                 *add.get_or_insert_with(RoaringBitmap::new) |= bitmap;
-                Ok(())
             }
-            None => match self.cache.push(key.into(), DelAddRoaringBitmap::new_add(bitmap)) {
-                Some((key, deladd)) => self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, deladd),
-                None => Ok(()),
-            },
+            None => {
+                let value = DelAddRoaringBitmap::new_add(bitmap);
+                if let Some((key, deladd)) = self.cache.push(key.into(), value) {
+                    self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, deladd)?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        match evicted {
+            Some((key, value)) => self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, value),
+            None => Ok(()),
         }
     }
 
     pub fn insert_del_add_u32(&mut self, key: &[u8], n: u32) -> Result<(), grenad::Error<U>> {
-        match self.cache.get_mut(key) {
+        let (cache, evicted) = self.cache.get_mut(key);
+        match cache {
             Some(DelAddRoaringBitmap { del, add }) => {
                 del.get_or_insert_with(RoaringBitmap::new).insert(n);
                 add.get_or_insert_with(RoaringBitmap::new).insert(n);
-                Ok(())
             }
-            None => match self.cache.push(key.into(), DelAddRoaringBitmap::new_del_add_u32(n)) {
-                Some((key, deladd)) => self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, deladd),
-                None => Ok(()),
-            },
+            None => {
+                let value = DelAddRoaringBitmap::new_del_add_u32(n);
+                if let Some((key, deladd)) = self.cache.push(key.into(), value) {
+                    self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, deladd)?;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        match evicted {
+            Some((key, value)) => self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, value),
+            None => Ok(()),
         }
     }
 
@@ -155,8 +192,8 @@ where
     }
 
     pub fn into_sorter(mut self) -> Result<grenad::Sorter<MF>, grenad::Error<U>> {
-        let default_lru = LruCache::new(NonZeroUsize::MIN);
-        for (key, deladd) in mem::replace(&mut self.cache, default_lru) {
+        let default_arc = ArcCache::new(NonZeroUsize::MIN);
+        for (key, deladd) in mem::replace(&mut self.cache, default_arc) {
             self.write_entry_to_sorter(key, deladd)?;
         }
         Ok(self.sorter)
@@ -192,3 +229,67 @@ impl DelAddRoaringBitmap {
         DelAddRoaringBitmap { del: None, add: Some(RoaringBitmap::from([n])) }
     }
 }
+
+// TODO support custom State (3rd param S of LruCache)
+pub struct ArcCache<K, V> {
+    recent_set: LruCache<K, V>,
+    // recent_evicted: LruCache<K, ()>,
+    frequent_set: LruCache<K, V>,
+    // frequent_evicted: LruCache<K, ()>,
+    // capacity: NonZeroUsize,
+    // negative means shrinking recent and increasing frequent
+    // positive means shrinking frequent and increasing recent
+    // target: isize,
+}
+
+impl<K: Eq + Hash, V> ArcCache<K, V> {
+    pub fn new(cap: NonZeroUsize) -> Self {
+        ArcCache {
+            recent_set: LruCache::new(cap),
+            // recent_evicted: LruCache::new(cap),
+            frequent_set: LruCache::new(cap),
+            // frequent_evicted: LruCache::new(cap),
+            // capacity: cap,
+            // target: 0,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K: Eq + Hash + Clone, V> ArcCache<K, V> {
+    pub fn get_mut<'a, Q>(&'a mut self, k: &Q) -> (Option<&'a mut V>, Option<(K, V)>)
+    where
+        K: Borrow<Q>,
+        Q: Hash + Eq + ?Sized,
+    {
+        // Rust is too dumb to let me get_mut directly...
+        if self.frequent_set.contains(k) {
+            return (self.frequent_set.get_mut(k), None);
+        }
+
+        if let Some((key, value)) = self.recent_set.pop_entry(k) {
+            let evicted = self.frequent_set.push(key, value);
+            let inserted = self.frequent_set.get_mut(k).unwrap();
+            // if let Some((evicted_key, _)) = evicted.as_ref() {
+            //     self.frequent_evicted.push(evicted_key.clone(), ());
+            // }
+            return (Some(inserted), evicted);
+        }
+
+        // TODO implement live resize of LRUs
+
+        (None, None)
+    }
+
+    pub fn push(&mut self, k: K, v: V) -> Option<(K, V)> {
+        self.frequent_set.push(k, v)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<K: Hash + Eq, V> IntoIterator for ArcCache<K, V> {
+    type Item = (K, V);
+    type IntoIter = Chain<IntoIter<K, V>, IntoIter<K, V>>;
+
+    fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter {
+        self.recent_set.into_iter().chain(self.frequent_set)
+    }
+}