--- sidebar_position: 4 description: 定义事件处理流程,完成事件响应 options: menu: weight: 27 category: guide --- # 定义事件处理流程 在上一章节中,我们已经定义了事件响应器,在这一章中,我们将会为事件响应器填充处理流程。 ## 添加一个处理依赖 在事件响应器中,事件处理流程由一个或多个处理依赖组成,每个处理依赖都是一个 `Dependent`,详情可以参考 [进阶 - 依赖注入](../../advanced/di/dependency-injection.md)。下面介绍如何添加一个处理依赖。 ### 使用 `handle` 装饰器 ```python {3-5} matcher = on_message() @matcher.handle() async def handle_func(): # do something here ``` 如上方示例所示,我们使用 `matcher` 响应器的 `handle` 装饰器装饰了一个函数 `handle_func` 。`handle_func` 函数会被自动转换为 `Dependent` 对象,并被添加到 `matcher` 的事件处理流程中。 在 `handle_func` 函数中,我们可以编写任何事件响应逻辑,如:操作数据库,发送消息等。上下文信息可以通过依赖注入的方式获取,参考:[获取上下文信息](#获取上下文信息)。发送消息可以通过 [事件响应器操作](./matcher-operation.md) 或者直接调用 Bot 的方法( API 等,由协议适配器决定)。 :::warning 注意 `handle_func` 函数虽然会被装饰器自动转换为 `Dependent` 对象,但 `handle_func` 仍然为原本的函数,因此 `handle_func` 函数可以进行复用。如: ```python matcher1 = on_message() matcher2 = on_message() @matcher1.handle() @matcher2.handle() async def handle_func(): # do something here ``` ::: ### 使用 `receive` 装饰器 ```python {3-5} matcher = on_message() @matcher.receive("id") async def handle_func(e: Event = Received("id")): # do something here ``` `receive` 装饰器与 `handle` 装饰器一样,可以装饰一个函数添加到事件响应器的事件处理流程中。但与 `handle` 装饰器不同的是,`receive` 装饰器会中断当前事件处理流程,等待接收一个新的事件,就像是会话状态等待用户一个新的事件。可以接收的新的事件类型取决于事件响应器的 [`type`](./create-matcher.md#事件响应器类型-type) 更新值以及 [`permission`](./create-matcher.md#事件触发权限-permission) 更新值,可以通过自定义更新方法来控制会话响应(如进行非消息交互、多人会话、跨群会话等)。 `receive` 装饰器接受一个可选参数 `id` ,用于标识当前需要接收的事件,如果不指定,则默认为空 `""`。 在 `handle_func` 函数中,可以通过依赖注入的方式来获取接收到的事件,参考:[`Received`](#received), [`LastReceived`](#lastreceived)。 :::important 提示 `receive` 装饰器可以和自身与 `got` 装饰器嵌套使用 ::: :::warning 注意 如果存在多个 `receive` 装饰器,则必须指定不相同的多个 `id`;否则相同的 `id` 将会被跳过接收。 ```python matcher = on_message() @matcher.receive("id1") @matcher.receive("id2") async def handle_func(): # do something here ``` ::: ### 使用 `got` 装饰器 ```python {3-5} matcher = on_message() @matcher.got("key") async def handle_func(key: Message = Arg()): # do something here ``` `got` 装饰器与 `receive` 装饰器一样,会中断当前事件处理流程,等待接收一个新的事件。但与 `receive` 装饰器不同的是,`got` 装饰器用于接收一条消息,并且可以控制是否向用户发送询问 `prompt` 等,更贴近于对话形式会话。 `got` 装饰器接受一个参数 `key` 和一个可选参数 `prompt`,当 `key` 不存在时,会向用户发送 `prompt` 消息,并等待用户回复。 在 `handle_func` 函数中,可以通过依赖注入的方式来获取接收到的消息,参考:[`Arg`](#arg), [`ArgStr`](#argstr), [`ArgPlainText`](#argplaintext)。 :::important 提示 `got` 装饰器可以和自身与 `receive` 装饰器嵌套使用 ::: ### 直接添加 ```python {2} matcher = on_message( handlers=[handle_func, or_dependent] ) ``` :::warning 注意 通过该方法添加的处理依赖将会处于整个事件处理流程的最前,因此,如果再使用 `handle` 等装饰器,则会在其之后。 ::: ## 事件处理流程 ## 获取上下文信息 ### Bot ```python {7-9} from typing import Union from nonebot.adapters import Bot from nonebot.adapters.ding import Bot as DingBot from nonebot.adapters.onebot.v11 import Bot as OneBotV11Bot async def _(foo: Bot): ... async def _(foo: Union[DingBot, OneBotV11Bot]): ... async def _(bot): ... # 兼容性处理 ``` ### Event ```python {6-8} from typing import Union from nonebot.adapters import Event from nonebot.adapters.onebot.v11 import PrivateMessageEvent, GroupMessageEvent async def _(foo: Event): ... async def _(foo: Union[PrivateMessageEvent, GroupMessageEvent]): ... async def _(event): ... # 兼容性处理 ``` ### EventType ```python {3} from nonebot.params import EventType async def _(foo: str = EventType()): ... ``` ### EventMessage ```python {4} from nonebot.adapters import Message from nonebot.params import EventMessage async def _(foo: str = EventMessage()): ... ``` ### EventPlainText ```python {3} from nonebot.params import EventPlainText async def _(foo: str = EventPlainText()): ... ``` ### EventToMe ```python {3} from nonebot.params import EventToMe async def _(foo: bool = EventToMe()): ... ``` ### State ```python {4} from nonebot.params import State from nonebot.typing import T_State async def _(foo: T_State = State()): ... ``` ### Command ```python {7} from nonebot import on_command from nonebot.params import Command matcher = on_command("cmd") @matcher.handle() async def _(foo: Tuple[str, ...] = Command()): ... ``` ### CommandArg ```python {8} from nonebot import on_command from nonebot.adapters import Message from nonebot.params import CommandArg matcher = on_command("cmd") @matcher.handle() async def _(foo: Message = CommandArg()): ... ``` ### ShellCommandArgs ```python {7} from nonebot import on_command from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs matcher = on_shell_command("cmd", parser) @matcher.handle() async def _(foo: Dict[str, Any] = ShellCommandArgs()): ... ``` ### ShellCommandArgv ```python {7} from nonebot import on_command from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs matcher = on_shell_command("cmd") @matcher.handle() async def _(foo: List[str] = ShellCommandArgv()): ... ``` ### RegexMatched ```python {7} from nonebot import on_regex from nonebot.params import RegexMatched matcher = on_regex("regex") @matcher.handle() async def _(foo: str = RegexMatched()): ... ``` ### RegexGroup ```python {7} from nonebot import on_regex from nonebot.params import RegexGroup matcher = on_regex("regex") @matcher.handle() async def _(foo: Tuple[Any, ...] = RegexGroup()): ... ``` ### RegexDict ```python {7} from nonebot import on_regex from nonebot.params import RegexDict matcher = on_regex("regex") @matcher.handle() async def _(foo: Dict[str, Any] = RegexDict()): ... ``` ### Matcher ```python {7} from nonebot import on_message from nonebot.matcher import Matcher foo = on_message() @foo.handle() async def _(matcher: Matcher): ... ``` ### Received ```python {8} from nonebot import on_message from nonebot.adapters import Event from nonebot.params import Received matcher = on_message() @matcher.receive("id") async def _(foo: Event = Received("id")): ... ``` ### LastReceived ```python {8} from nonebot import on_message from nonebot.adapters import Event from nonebot.params import LastReceived matcher = on_message() @matcher.receive("any") async def _(foo: Event = LastReceived()): ... ``` ### Arg ```python {8-9} from nonebot.params import Arg from nonebot import on_message from nonebot.adapters import Message matcher = on_message() @matcher.got("key") async def _(key: Message = Arg()): ... async def _(foo: Message = Arg("key")): ... ``` ### ArgStr ```python {7-8} from nonebot import on_message from nonebot.params import ArgStr matcher = on_message() @matcher.got("key") async def _(key: str = ArgStr()): ... async def _(foo: str = ArgStr("key")): ... ``` ### ArgPlainText ```python {7-8} from nonebot import on_message from nonebot.params import ArgPlainText matcher = on_message() @matcher.got("key") async def _(key: str = ArgPlainText()): ... async def _(foo: str = ArgPlainText("key")): ... ``` ### Exception ```python {4} from nonebot.message import run_postprocessor @run_postprocessor async def _(e: Exception): ... ``` ### Default ```python {1} async def _(foo="bar"): ... ```