diff --git a/nonebot/params.py b/nonebot/params.py
index be6baaee..2563d9a9 100644
--- a/nonebot/params.py
+++ b/nonebot/params.py
@@ -278,27 +278,22 @@ def EventToMe() -> bool:
     return Depends(_event_to_me)
 
 
-class StateInner:
-    ...
-
-
-def State() -> T_State:
-    return StateInner()  # type: ignore
-
-
 class StateParam(Param):
     @classmethod
     def _check_param(
         cls, dependent: Dependent, name: str, param: inspect.Parameter
     ) -> Optional["StateParam"]:
-        if isinstance(param.default, StateInner):
-            return cls(Required)
+        if param.default == param.empty:
+            if param.annotation is T_State:
+                return cls(Required)
+            elif param.annotation == param.empty and name == "state":
+                return cls(Required)
 
     async def _solve(self, state: T_State, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
         return state
 
 
-def _command(state=State()) -> Message:
+def _command(state: T_State) -> Message:
     return state[PREFIX_KEY][CMD_KEY]
 
 
@@ -306,7 +301,7 @@ def Command() -> Tuple[str, ...]:
     return Depends(_command, use_cache=False)
 
 
-def _raw_command(state=State()) -> Message:
+def _raw_command(state: T_State) -> Message:
     return state[PREFIX_KEY][RAW_CMD_KEY]
 
 
@@ -314,7 +309,7 @@ def RawCommand() -> str:
     return Depends(_raw_command, use_cache=False)
 
 
-def _command_arg(state=State()) -> Message:
+def _command_arg(state: T_State) -> Message:
     return state[PREFIX_KEY][CMD_ARG_KEY]
 
 
@@ -322,7 +317,7 @@ def CommandArg() -> Any:
     return Depends(_command_arg, use_cache=False)
 
 
-def _shell_command_args(state=State()) -> Any:
+def _shell_command_args(state: T_State) -> Any:
     return state[SHELL_ARGS]
 
 
@@ -330,7 +325,7 @@ def ShellCommandArgs():
     return Depends(_shell_command_args, use_cache=False)
 
 
-def _shell_command_argv(state=State()) -> List[str]:
+def _shell_command_argv(state: T_State) -> List[str]:
     return state[SHELL_ARGV]
 
 
@@ -338,7 +333,7 @@ def ShellCommandArgv() -> Any:
     return Depends(_shell_command_argv, use_cache=False)
 
 
-def _regex_matched(state=State()) -> str:
+def _regex_matched(state: T_State) -> str:
     return state[REGEX_MATCHED]
 
 
@@ -346,7 +341,7 @@ def RegexMatched() -> str:
     return Depends(_regex_matched, use_cache=False)
 
 
-def _regex_group(state=State()):
+def _regex_group(state: T_State):
     return state[REGEX_GROUP]
 
 
@@ -354,7 +349,7 @@ def RegexGroup() -> Tuple[Any, ...]:
     return Depends(_regex_group, use_cache=False)
 
 
-def _regex_dict(state=State()):
+def _regex_dict(state: T_State):
     return state[REGEX_DICT]
 
 
diff --git a/nonebot/rule.py b/nonebot/rule.py
index b4cf827c..368dc490 100644
--- a/nonebot/rule.py
+++ b/nonebot/rule.py
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ from nonebot.consts import (
     REGEX_MATCHED,
 )
 from nonebot.params import (
-    State,
     Command,
     BotParam,
     EventToMe,
@@ -390,9 +389,9 @@ class ShellCommandRule:
 
     async def __call__(
         self,
+        state: T_State,
         cmd: Optional[Tuple[str, ...]] = Command(),
         msg: Message = EventMessage(),
-        state: T_State = State(),
     ) -> bool:
         if cmd in self.cmds:
             message = str(msg)
@@ -475,9 +474,9 @@ class RegexRule:
 
     async def __call__(
         self,
+        state: T_State,
         type: str = EventType(),
         msg: Message = EventMessage(),
-        state: T_State = State(),
     ) -> bool:
         if type != "message":
             return False
diff --git a/tests/plugins/param/param_state.py b/tests/plugins/param/param_state.py
index beec94b8..636015fb 100644
--- a/tests/plugins/param/param_state.py
+++ b/tests/plugins/param/param_state.py
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from typing import List, Tuple
 from nonebot.typing import T_State
 from nonebot.adapters import Message
 from nonebot.params import (
-    State,
     Command,
     RegexDict,
     CommandArg,
@@ -15,7 +14,7 @@ from nonebot.params import (
 )
 
 
-async def state(x: T_State = State()) -> T_State:
+async def state(x: T_State) -> T_State:
     return x