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1190 lines
29 KiB
Plaintext
1190 lines
29 KiB
Plaintext
---
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sidebar_position: 6
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description: 通过依赖注入获取上下文信息
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options:
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menu:
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weight: 70
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category: advanced
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---
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# 依赖注入
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import Tabs from "@theme/Tabs";
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import TabItem from "@theme/TabItem";
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在事件处理流程中，事件响应器具有自己独立的上下文，例如：当前的事件、机器人等信息。在 NoneBot 中，这些信息通过依赖注入的方式提供给事件处理函数，可以让代码更加整洁可读、提升复用能力。
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在了解如何使用依赖注入获取上下文信息之前，我们需要先了解两个概念：
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- `Dependent`：使用依赖注入的函数或其他任意可调用对象。如：事件处理函数、自定义的依赖函数等。
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- `Dependency`：依赖注入的对象。如：当前事件、机器人等。
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在之前的文档中，我们已经多次使用了依赖注入来获取事件信息。通过对函数参数依照一定规则填写类型注解，即可获得想要的上下文信息。任何一个事件处理函数在添加到事件处理流程时，都会根据一定规则提前将其解析成一个 `Dependent` 对象，方便运行时进行注入。如果遇到无法解析的参数，将会抛出 `ValueError("Unknown parameter")` 的异常。整个依赖注入系统可以分为两部分：
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- 参数解析
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- 依据一定规则解析函数参数，识别 `Dependency` 依赖。
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- 生成 `Dependent` 对象。
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- 执行
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- 根据已经解析的 `Dependency` 依赖，执行调用。
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- 将所有 `Dependency` 的返回值根据参数名传入并调用 `Dependent` 。
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:::danger 警告
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在依赖注入中，类型注解是非常重要的，因为它不仅可以决定依赖注入的对象，还可以触发[重载机制](../appendices/overload.md#重载)。如果类型注解与实际获得数据类型不一致，将会跳过当前 `Dependent` 对象（即事件处理函数）。
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:::
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:::tip 提示
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如果对于依赖注入的解析流程有疑问，可以调整[日志等级配置项](../appendices/config.mdx#log-level)为 `TRACE`，查看依赖解析日志。
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:::
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## 同步支持
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对于依赖注入系统中的 `Dependent` 或者 `Dependency` 对象，均支持同步类型的函数或可调用对象。例如：
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```python {6,10}
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from nonebot import on_command
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from nonebot.params import Depends
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matcher = on_command("foo")
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def dependency() -> str:
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return "something"
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@matcher.handle()
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def _(result: str = Depends(dependency)):
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...
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```
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## 非依赖参数
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在依赖注入解析中，任何无法解析的参数如果带有默认值，将会被视为非依赖参数。这些参数在依赖运行时将不会被注入而使用函数默认值。例如：
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```python
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async def _(foo: str = "bar"): ...
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```
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## 类型依赖注入
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这一类的依赖注入仅需要在函数参数中添加对应的类型注解即可。
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### Bot
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获取当前事件的 Bot 对象。
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通过标注参数为 `Bot` 类型，或者一系列 `Bot` 类型，即可获取到当前事件的 Bot 对象。为兼容性考虑，如果参数名为 `bot` 且无类型注解，也会视为 `Bot` 依赖注入。
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<Tabs groupId="python">
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<TabItem value="3.10" label="Python 3.10+" default>
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```python
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from nonebot.adapters import Bot
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from nonebot.adapters.console import Bot as ConsoleBot
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from nonebot.adapters.onebot.v11 import Bot as OneBotV11Bot
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async def _(foo: Bot): ...
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async def _(foo: ConsoleBot | OneBotV11Bot): ...
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async def _(bot): ... # 兼容性处理
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
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```python
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from typing import Union
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from nonebot.adapters import Bot
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from nonebot.adapters.console import Bot as ConsoleBot
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from nonebot.adapters.onebot.v11 import Bot as OneBotV11Bot
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async def _(foo: Bot): ...
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async def _(foo: Union[ConsoleBot, OneBotV11Bot]): ...
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async def _(bot): ... # 兼容性处理
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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### Event
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获取当前事件。
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通过标注参数为 `Event` 类型，或者一系列 `Event` 类型，即可获取到当前事件。为兼容性考虑，如果参数名为 `event` 且无类型注解，也会视为 `Event` 依赖注入。
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<Tabs groupId="python">
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<TabItem value="3.10" label="Python 3.10+" default>
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```python
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from nonebot.adapters import Event
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from nonebot.adapters.onebot.v11 import PrivateMessageEvent, GroupMessageEvent
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async def _(foo: Event): ...
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async def _(foo: PrivateMessageEvent | GroupMessageEvent): ...
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async def _(event): ... # 兼容性处理
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
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```python
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from typing import Union
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from nonebot.adapters import Event
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from nonebot.adapters.onebot.v11 import PrivateMessageEvent, GroupMessageEvent
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async def _(foo: Event): ...
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async def _(foo: Union[PrivateMessageEvent, GroupMessageEvent]): ...
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async def _(event): ... # 兼容性处理
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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### State
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获取当前[会话状态](../appendices/session-state.md)。
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```python
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from nonebot.typing import T_State
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async def _(foo: T_State): ...
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```
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### Matcher
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获取当前事件响应器实例。常用于使用[事件响应器操作](../appendices/session-control.mdx)。
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```python
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from nonebot.matcher import Matcher
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async def _(matcher: Matcher): ...
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```
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### Exception
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获取事件响应器运行中抛出的异常。该依赖注入目前仅在事件响应器运行后处理 Hook 中可用。
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通过标注参数为异常类型，或者一系列异常类型，即可获取到事件响应器运行中抛出的异常。
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<Tabs groupId="python">
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<TabItem value="3.10" label="Python 3.10+" default>
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```python {5,8}
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from nonebot.message import run_postprocessor
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from nonebot.exception import ActionFailed, NetworkError
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@run_postprocessor
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async def _(e: Exception): ...
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@run_postprocessor
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async def _(e: ActionFailed | NetworkError): ...
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
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```python {6,9}
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from typing import Union
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from nonebot.message import run_postprocessor
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from nonebot.exception import ActionFailed, NetworkError
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@run_postprocessor
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async def _(e: Exception): ...
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@run_postprocessor
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async def _(e: Union[ActionFailed, NetworkError]): ...
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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## 子依赖
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在依赖注入系统中，我们可以定义一个子依赖，来执行自定义的操作，提高代码复用性以及处理性能。
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### 定义子依赖
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子依赖使用 `Depends` 标记进行定义，其参数即依赖的函数或可调用对象，同样会被解析为 `Dependent` 对象，将会在依赖注入期间执行。我们来看一个例子：
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<Tabs groupId="python">
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<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
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```python {4,16}
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from typing import Annotated
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from nonebot import on_command
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from nonebot.params import Depends
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from nonebot.matcher import Matcher
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from nonebot.adapters.console import MessageEvent
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test = on_command("test")
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async def check(event: MessageEvent, matcher: Matcher) -> MessageEvent:
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if event.get_user_id() in BLACKLIST:
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await matcher.finish()
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return event
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@test.handle()
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async def _(event: Annotated[MessageEvent, Depends(check)]):
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...
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
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```python {2,14}
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from nonebot import on_command
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from nonebot.params import Depends
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from nonebot.matcher import Matcher
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from nonebot.adapters.console import MessageEvent
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test = on_command("test")
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async def check(event: MessageEvent, matcher: Matcher) -> MessageEvent:
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if event.get_user_id() in BLACKLIST:
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await matcher.finish()
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return event
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@test.handle()
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async def _(event: MessageEvent = Depends(check)):
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...
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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在上面的代码中，我们使用 `Depends` 标记定义了一个子依赖 `check`。它判断事件主体用户是否在黑名单中，如果在，则直接结束事件处理流程。如果不在，则返回事件对象，以便事件处理函数可以继续执行。
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通过将 `Depends` 包裹的子依赖作为参数的默认值，我们就可以在执行事件处理函数之前执行子依赖，并将其返回值作为参数传入事件处理函数。子依赖和普通的事件处理函数并没有区别，同样可以使用依赖注入，并且可以返回任何类型的值。但需要注意的是，如果事件处理函数参数的类型注解与子依赖返回值的类型**不一致**，将会触发[重载](../appendices/overload.md)而跳过当前事件处理函数。
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### 依赖缓存
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NoneBot 在执行子依赖时，会将其返回值缓存起来。当我们在使用子依赖时，`Depends` 具有一个参数 `use_cache`，默认为 `True`。此时在事件处理流程中，多次使用同一个子依赖时，将会使用缓存中的结果而不会重复执行。这在很多情景中非常有用，例如：
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<Tabs groupId="python">
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<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
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```python {7}
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import random
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from typing import Annotated
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async def random_result() -> int:
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return random.randint(1, 100)
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async def _(x: Annotated[int, Depends(random_result)]):
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print(x)
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
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```python {6}
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import random
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async def random_result() -> int:
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return random.randint(1, 100)
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async def _(x: int = Depends(random_result)):
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print(x)
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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此时，在同一事件处理流程中，这个随机函数的返回值将会保持一致。如果我们希望每次都重新执行子依赖，可以将 `use_cache` 设置为 `False`。
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<Tabs groupId="python">
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<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
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```python {7}
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import random
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from typing import Annotated
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async def random_result() -> int:
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return random.randint(1, 100)
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async def _(x: Annotated[int, Depends(random_result, use_cache=False)]):
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print(x)
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
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```python {6}
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import random
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async def random_result() -> int:
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return random.randint(1, 100)
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async def _(x: int = Depends(random_result, use_cache=False)):
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print(x)
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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:::tip 提示
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缓存的生命周期与当前接收到的事件相同。接收到事件后，子依赖在首次执行时缓存，在该事件处理完成后，缓存就会被清除。
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:::
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### 类作为依赖
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在前面的事例中，我们使用了函数作为子依赖。实际上，我们还可以使用类作为依赖。当我们在实例化一个类的时候，其实我们就在调用它，类本身也是一个可调用对象。例如：
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<Tabs groupId="python">
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<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
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```python {16}
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from typing import Annotated
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from dataclasses import dataclass
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from nonebot.params import Depends
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from nonebot.adapters import Event
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from nonebot.typing import T_State
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def get_context(state: T_State) -> dict:
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return state.setdefault("context", {})
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@dataclass
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class ClassDependency:
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event: Event
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context: dict = Depends(get_context)
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async def _(data: Annotated[ClassDependency, Depends(ClassDependency)]):
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print(data.event, data.context)
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
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```python {15}
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from dataclasses import dataclass
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from nonebot.params import Depends
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from nonebot.adapters import Event
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from nonebot.typing import T_State
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def get_context(state: T_State) -> dict:
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return state.setdefault("context", {})
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@dataclass
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class ClassDependency:
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event: Event
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context: dict = Depends(get_context)
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async def _(data: ClassDependency = Depends(ClassDependency)):
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print(data.event, data.context)
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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可以看到，我们使用 `dataclass` 定义了一个类。由于这个类的 `__init__` 方法可以被依赖注入系统解析，因此，我们可以将其作为子依赖进行声明。特别地，对于类依赖，`Depends` 的参数可以为空，NoneBot 将会使用参数的类型注解进行解析与推断：
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<Tabs groupId="python">
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<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
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```python
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from typing import Annotated
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async def _(data: Annotated[ClassDependency, Depends()]):
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print(data.event, data.context)
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```
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</TabItem>
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<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
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```python
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async def _(data: ClassDependency = Depends()):
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print(data.event, data.context)
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```
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</TabItem>
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</Tabs>
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|
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### 生成器作为依赖
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NoneBot 的依赖注入支持依赖项在事件处理流程结束后进行一些额外的工作，比如数据库 session 或者网络 IO 的关闭，互斥锁的解锁等等。同时，由于[依赖缓存](#依赖缓存)的存在，我们可以通过这种方式来实现共享一个 session 等功能。
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|
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要实现上述功能，我们可以用生成器函数作为依赖项，我们用 `yield` 关键字取代 `return` 关键字，并在 `yield` 之后进行额外的工作。
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|
||
我们可以看下述代码段, 使用 `httpx.AsyncClient` 异步网络 IO，并在事件处理流程中共用一个 client：
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||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
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<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
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|
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```python {15}
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from typing import Annotated, AsyncGenerator
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|
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import httpx
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from nonebot.params import Depends
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|
||
async def get_client() -> AsyncGenerator[httpx.AsyncClient, None]:
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try:
|
||
async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
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yield client
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finally:
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# 在这里进行额外的工作
|
||
|
||
|
||
@test.handle()
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||
async def _(x: Annotated[httpx.AsyncClient, Depends(get_client)]):
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resp = await x.get("https://v2.nonebot.dev")
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```
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||
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||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {15}
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from typing import AsyncGenerator
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|
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import httpx
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from nonebot.params import Depends
|
||
|
||
async def get_client() -> AsyncGenerator[httpx.AsyncClient, None]:
|
||
try:
|
||
async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
|
||
yield client
|
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finally:
|
||
# 在这里进行额外的工作
|
||
|
||
|
||
@test.handle()
|
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async def _(x: httpx.AsyncClient = Depends(get_client)):
|
||
resp = await x.get("https://v2.nonebot.dev")
|
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```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
:::warning 注意
|
||
生成器作为依赖时，其中只能进行一次 `yield`，否则将会触发异常。如果对此有疑问并想探究原因，可以参考 [contextmanager](https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/contextlib.html#contextlib.contextmanager) 和 [asynccontextmanager](https://docs.python.org/zh-cn/3/library/contextlib.html#contextlib.asynccontextmanager) 文档。事实上，NoneBot 内部就使用了这两个装饰器。
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
### 可调用对象作为依赖
|
||
|
||
在 Python 里，为类定义 `__call__` 方法就可以使得这个类的实例成为一个可调用对象。因此，我们也可以将定义了 `__call__` 方法的类的实例作为依赖。事实上，NoneBot 的[内置响应规则](./matcher.md#内置响应规则)就广泛使用了这种方式，以 `is_type` 规则为例：
|
||
|
||
```python
|
||
from typing import Type
|
||
from nonebot.adapters import Event
|
||
|
||
class IsTypeRule:
|
||
def __init__(self, *types: Type[Event]):
|
||
self.types = types
|
||
|
||
async def __call__(self, event: Event) -> bool:
|
||
return isinstance(event, self.types)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
我们在使用 `is_type` 时，即实例化了 `IsTypeRule` 类，然后将实例作为响应规则依赖项传入。
|
||
|
||
## 其他依赖注入
|
||
|
||
这一类的依赖注入通常基于子依赖编写，为我们开发者提供更方便的途径获取上下文信息。
|
||
|
||
### EventType
|
||
|
||
获取当前事件的类型。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import EventType
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[str, EventType()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {3}
|
||
from nonebot.params import EventType
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: str = EventType()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### EventMessage
|
||
|
||
获取当前事件的消息。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {5}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.adapters import Message
|
||
from nonebot.params import EventMessage
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[Message, EventMessage()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from nonebot.adapters import Message
|
||
from nonebot.params import EventMessage
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Message = EventMessage()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### EventPlainText
|
||
|
||
获取当前事件的消息纯文本部分。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import EventPlainText
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[str, EventPlainText()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {3}
|
||
from nonebot.params import EventPlainText
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: str = EventPlainText()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### EventToMe
|
||
|
||
获取当前事件是否与机器人相关。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import EventToMe
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[bool, EventToMe()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {3}
|
||
from nonebot.params import EventToMe
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: bool = EventToMe()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### Command
|
||
|
||
获取当前命令型消息的元组形式命令名。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import Command
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[tuple[str, ...], Command()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Tuple
|
||
from nonebot.params import Command
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Tuple[str, ...] = Command()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
:::tip 提示
|
||
命令详情只能在**触发命令型事件响应器时**获取。如果在事件处理后续流程中获取，则会获取到不同的值。
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
### RawCommand
|
||
|
||
获取当前命令型消息的文本形式命令名。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import RawCommand
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[str, RawCommand()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {3}
|
||
from nonebot.params import RawCommand
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: str = RawCommand()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
:::tip 提示
|
||
命令详情只能在**触发命令型事件响应器时**获取。如果在事件处理后续流程中获取，则会获取到不同的值。
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
### CommandArg
|
||
|
||
获取命令型消息命令后跟随的参数。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {5}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.adapters import Message
|
||
from nonebot.params import CommandArg
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[Message, CommandArg()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from nonebot.adapters import Message
|
||
from nonebot.params import CommandArg
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Message = CommandArg()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
:::tip 提示
|
||
命令详情只能在**触发命令型事件响应器时**获取。如果在事件处理后续流程中获取，则会获取到不同的值。
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
### CommandStart
|
||
|
||
获取命令型消息命令前缀。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import CommandStart
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[str, CommandStart()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {3}
|
||
from nonebot.params import CommandStart
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: str = CommandStart()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
:::tip 提示
|
||
命令详情只能在**触发命令型事件响应器时**获取。如果在事件处理后续流程中获取，则会获取到不同的值。
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
### CommandWhitespace
|
||
|
||
获取命令型消息命令与参数间空白符。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import CommandWhitespace
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[str, CommandWhitespace()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {3}
|
||
from nonebot.params import CommandWhitespace
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: str = CommandWhitespace()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
:::tip 提示
|
||
命令详情只能在**触发命令型事件响应器时**获取。如果在事件处理后续流程中获取，则会获取到不同的值。
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
### ShellCommandArgv
|
||
|
||
获取 shell 命令解析前的参数列表，列表中可能包含文本字符串和富文本消息段（如：图片）。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.10" label="Python 3.10+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[list[str | MessageSegment], ShellCommandArgv()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+">
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Union, Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[list[Union[str, MessageSegment]], ShellCommandArgv()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import List, Union
|
||
from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: List[Union[str, MessageSegment]] = ShellCommandArgv()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### ShellCommandArgs
|
||
|
||
获取 shell 命令解析后的参数 Namespace，支持 MessageSegment 富文本（如：图片）。
|
||
|
||
:::tip 提示
|
||
如果参数解析成功，则为 parser 返回的 Namespace；如果参数解析失败，则为 [`ParserExit`](../api/exception.md#ParserExit) 异常，并携带错误码与错误信息。通过重载机制即可处理两种不同的情况。
|
||
|
||
由于 `ArgumentParser` 在解析到 `--help` 参数时也会抛出异常，这种情况下错误码为 `0` 且错误信息即为帮助信息。
|
||
:::
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {14,22}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
|
||
from nonebot import on_shell_command
|
||
from nonebot.exception import ParserExit
|
||
from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs
|
||
from nonebot.rule import Namespace, ArgumentParser
|
||
|
||
parser = ArgumentParser("demo")
|
||
# parser.add_argument ...
|
||
matcher = on_shell_command("cmd", parser=parser)
|
||
|
||
# 解析失败
|
||
@matcher.handle()
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[ParserExit, ShellCommandArgs()]):
|
||
if foo.status == 0:
|
||
foo.message # help message
|
||
else:
|
||
foo.message # error message
|
||
|
||
# 解析成功
|
||
@matcher.handle()
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[Namespace, ShellCommandArgs()]):
|
||
arg_dict = vars(foo)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {12,20}
|
||
from nonebot import on_shell_command
|
||
from nonebot.exception import ParserExit
|
||
from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs
|
||
from nonebot.rule import Namespace, ArgumentParser
|
||
|
||
parser = ArgumentParser("demo")
|
||
# parser.add_argument ...
|
||
matcher = on_shell_command("cmd", parser=parser)
|
||
|
||
# 解析失败
|
||
@matcher.handle()
|
||
async def _(foo: ParserExit = ShellCommandArgs()):
|
||
if foo.status == 0:
|
||
foo.message # help message
|
||
else:
|
||
foo.message # error message
|
||
|
||
# 解析成功
|
||
@matcher.handle()
|
||
async def _(foo: Namespace = ShellCommandArgs()):
|
||
arg_dict = vars(foo)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### RegexStr
|
||
|
||
获取正则匹配结果的文本。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import RegexStr
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[str, RegexStr()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {3}
|
||
from nonebot.params import RegexStr
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: str = RegexStr()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### RegexGroup
|
||
|
||
获取正则匹配结果的 group 元组。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Any, Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import RegexGroup
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[tuple[Any, ...], RegexGroup()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Tuple, Any
|
||
from nonebot.params import RegexGroup
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Tuple[Any, ...] = RegexGroup()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### RegexDict
|
||
|
||
获取正则匹配结果的 group 字典。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Any, Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import RegexDict
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[dict[str, Any], RegexDict()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Any, Dict
|
||
from nonebot.params import RegexDict
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Dict[str, Any] = RegexDict()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### Startswith
|
||
|
||
获取触发响应器的消息前缀字符串。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import Startswith
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[str, Startswith()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {3}
|
||
from nonebot.params import Startswith
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: str = Startswith()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### Endswith
|
||
|
||
获取触发响应器的消息后缀字符串。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import Endswith
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[str, Endswith()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {3}
|
||
from nonebot.params import Endswith
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: str = Endswith()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### Fullmatch
|
||
|
||
获取触发响应器的消息字符串。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import Fullmatch
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[str, Fullmatch()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {3}
|
||
from nonebot.params import Fullmatch
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: str = Fullmatch()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### Keyword
|
||
|
||
获取触发响应器的关键字字符串。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {4}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
from nonebot.params import Keyword
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[str, Keyword()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {3}
|
||
from nonebot.params import Keyword
|
||
|
||
async def _(foo: str = Keyword()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### Received
|
||
|
||
获取某次 `receive` 接收的事件。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {7}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
|
||
from nonebot.adapters import Event
|
||
from nonebot.params import Received
|
||
|
||
@matcher.receive("id")
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[Event, Received("id")]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {5}
|
||
from nonebot.adapters import Event
|
||
from nonebot.params import Received
|
||
|
||
@matcher.receive("id")
|
||
async def _(foo: Event = Received("id")): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### LastReceived
|
||
|
||
获取最近一次 `receive` 接收的事件。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {7}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
|
||
from nonebot.adapters import Event
|
||
from nonebot.params import LastReceived
|
||
|
||
@matcher.receive("any")
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[Event, LastReceived()]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {5}
|
||
from nonebot.adapters import Event
|
||
from nonebot.params import LastReceived
|
||
|
||
@matcher.receive("any")
|
||
async def _(foo: Event = LastReceived()): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### Arg
|
||
|
||
获取某次 `got` 接收的参数。如果 `Arg` 参数留空，则使用函数的参数名作为要获取的参数。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {7,8}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
|
||
from nonebot.params import Arg
|
||
from nonebot.adapters import Message
|
||
|
||
@matcher.got("key")
|
||
async def _(key: Annotated[Message, Arg()]): ...
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[Message, Arg("key")]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {5,6}
|
||
from nonebot.params import Arg
|
||
from nonebot.adapters import Message
|
||
|
||
@matcher.got("key")
|
||
async def _(key: Message = Arg()): ...
|
||
async def _(foo: Message = Arg("key")): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### ArgStr
|
||
|
||
获取某次 `got` 接收的参数，并转换为字符串。如果 `Arg` 参数留空，则使用函数的参数名作为要获取的参数。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {6,7}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
|
||
from nonebot.params import ArgStr
|
||
|
||
@matcher.got("key")
|
||
async def _(key: str = ArgStr()): ...
|
||
async def _(foo: str = ArgStr("key")): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {4,5}
|
||
from nonebot.params import ArgStr
|
||
|
||
@matcher.got("key")
|
||
async def _(key: Annotated[str, ArgStr()]): ...
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[str, ArgStr("key")]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|
||
|
||
### ArgPlainText
|
||
|
||
获取某次 `got` 接收的参数的纯文本部分。如果 `Arg` 参数留空，则使用函数的参数名作为要获取的参数。
|
||
|
||
<Tabs groupId="python">
|
||
<TabItem value="3.9" label="Python 3.9+" default>
|
||
|
||
```python {6,7}
|
||
from typing import Annotated
|
||
|
||
from nonebot.params import ArgPlainText
|
||
|
||
@matcher.got("key")
|
||
async def _(key: Annotated[str, ArgPlainText()]): ...
|
||
async def _(foo: Annotated[str, ArgPlainText("key")]): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
<TabItem value="3.8" label="Python 3.8+">
|
||
|
||
```python {4,5}
|
||
from nonebot.params import ArgPlainText
|
||
|
||
@matcher.got("key")
|
||
async def _(key: str = ArgPlainText()): ...
|
||
async def _(foo: str = ArgPlainText("key")): ...
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
</TabItem>
|
||
</Tabs>
|