diff --git a/nonebot/plugin/load.py b/nonebot/plugin/load.py
index 537d3a47..1a6075b3 100644
--- a/nonebot/plugin/load.py
+++ b/nonebot/plugin/load.py
@@ -74,6 +74,8 @@ def load_from_json(file_path: str, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> Set[Plugin]:
     """
     with open(file_path, "r", encoding=encoding) as f:
         data = json.load(f)
+    if not isinstance(data, dict):
+        raise TypeError("json file must contains a dict!")
     plugins = data.get("plugins")
     plugin_dirs = data.get("plugin_dirs")
     assert isinstance(plugins, list), "plugins must be a list of plugin name"
@@ -103,15 +105,10 @@ def load_from_toml(file_path: str, encoding: str = "utf-8") -> Set[Plugin]:
         data = tomlkit.parse(f.read())  # type: ignore
 
     nonebot_data = data.get("tool", {}).get("nonebot")
-    if not nonebot_data:
-        nonebot_data = data.get("nonebot", {}).get("plugins")
-        if nonebot_data:
-            warnings.warn(
-                "[nonebot.plugins] table is deprecated. Use [tool.nonebot] instead.",
-                DeprecationWarning,
-            )
-        else:
-            raise ValueError("Cannot find '[tool.nonebot]' in given toml file!")
+    if nonebot_data is None:
+        raise ValueError("Cannot find '[tool.nonebot]' in given toml file!")
+    if not isinstance(nonebot_data, dict):
+        raise TypeError("'[tool.nonebot]' must be a Table!")
     plugins = nonebot_data.get("plugins", [])
     plugin_dirs = nonebot_data.get("plugin_dirs", [])
     assert isinstance(plugins, list), "plugins must be a list of plugin name"
diff --git a/tests/plugins.empty.toml b/tests/plugins.empty.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/tests/plugins.invalid.json b/tests/plugins.invalid.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..fe51488c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/plugins.invalid.json
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+[]
diff --git a/tests/plugins.invalid.toml b/tests/plugins.invalid.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8b44f8cd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/plugins.invalid.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+[tool]
+nonebot = []
diff --git a/tests/plugins.json b/tests/plugins.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..eb91dd97
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/plugins.json
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+{
+  "plugins": [],
+  "plugin_dirs": ["plugins"]
+}
diff --git a/tests/plugins.toml b/tests/plugins.toml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ddf954e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/plugins.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+[tool.nonebot]
+plugins = []
+plugin_dirs = ["plugins"]
diff --git a/tests/plugins/matcher/matcher_expire.py b/tests/plugins/matcher/matcher_expire.py
index c026d679..f8aaebcc 100644
--- a/tests/plugins/matcher/matcher_expire.py
+++ b/tests/plugins/matcher/matcher_expire.py
@@ -3,5 +3,7 @@ from datetime import datetime, timedelta
 from nonebot.matcher import Matcher
 
 test_temp_matcher = Matcher.new("test", temp=True)
-test_datetime_matcher = Matcher.new("test", expire_time=datetime.now())
+test_datetime_matcher = Matcher.new(
+    "test", expire_time=datetime.now() - timedelta(seconds=1)
+)
 test_timedelta_matcher = Matcher.new("test", expire_time=timedelta(seconds=-1))
diff --git a/tests/test_plugin/test_load.py b/tests/test_plugin/test_load.py
index 53b1d1df..ee4ce66b 100644
--- a/tests/test_plugin/test_load.py
+++ b/tests/test_plugin/test_load.py
@@ -51,6 +51,29 @@ async def test_load_nested_plugin(app: App, load_plugin: Set["Plugin"]):
     assert parent_plugin.sub_plugins == {sub_plugin, sub_plugin2}
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_load_json(app: App):
+    import nonebot
+
+    nonebot.load_from_json("./plugins.json")
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        nonebot.load_from_json("./plugins.invalid.json")
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_load_toml(app: App):
+    import nonebot
+
+    nonebot.load_from_toml("./plugins.toml")
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        nonebot.load_from_toml("./plugins.empty.toml")
+
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        nonebot.load_from_toml("./plugins.invalid.toml")
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_bad_plugin(app: App):
     import nonebot