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530 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
530 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
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---
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sidebar_position: 4
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description: 定义事件处理流程，完成事件响应
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options:
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menu:
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weight: 27
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category: guide
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---
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# 定义事件处理流程
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在上一章节中，我们已经定义了事件响应器，在这一章中，我们将会为事件响应器填充处理流程。
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## 添加一个处理依赖
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在事件响应器中，事件处理流程由一个或多个处理依赖组成，每个处理依赖都是一个 `Dependent`，详情可以参考[进阶 - 依赖注入](../../advanced/di/dependency-injection.md)。下面介绍如何添加一个处理依赖。
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### 使用 `handle` 装饰器
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```python {3-5}
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matcher = on_message()
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@matcher.handle()
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async def handle_func():
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# do something here
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```
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如上方示例所示，我们使用 `matcher` 响应器的 `handle` 装饰器装饰了一个函数 `handle_func` 。`handle_func` 函数会被自动转换为 `Dependent` 对象，并被添加到 `matcher` 的事件处理流程中。
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在 `handle_func` 函数中，我们可以编写任何事件响应逻辑，如：操作数据库，发送消息等。上下文信息可以通过依赖注入的方式获取，参考：[获取上下文信息](#获取上下文信息)。发送消息可以通过[事件响应器操作](./matcher-operation.md)或者直接调用 Bot 的方法（ API 等，由协议适配器决定）。
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:::warning 注意
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`handle_func` 函数虽然会被装饰器自动转换为 `Dependent` 对象，但 `handle_func` 仍然为原本的函数，因此 `handle_func` 函数可以进行复用。如：
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```python
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matcher1 = on_message()
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matcher2 = on_message()
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@matcher1.handle()
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@matcher2.handle()
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async def handle_func():
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# do something here
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```
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:::
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### 使用 `receive` 装饰器
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```python {3-5}
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matcher = on_message()
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@matcher.receive("id")
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async def handle_func(e: Event = Received("id")):
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# do something here
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```
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`receive` 装饰器与 `handle` 装饰器一样，可以装饰一个函数添加到事件响应器的事件处理流程中。但与 `handle` 装饰器不同的是，`receive` 装饰器会中断当前事件处理流程，等待接收一个新的事件，就像是会话状态等待用户一个新的事件。可以接收的新的事件类型取决于事件响应器的 [`type`](./create-matcher.md#事件响应器类型-type) 更新值以及 [`permission`](./create-matcher.md#事件触发权限-permission) 更新值，可以通过自定义更新方法来控制会话响应（如进行非消息交互、多人会话、跨群会话等）。
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`receive` 装饰器接受一个可选参数 `id`，用于标识当前需要接收的事件，如果不指定，则默认为空 `""`。
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在 `handle_func` 函数中，可以通过依赖注入的方式来获取接收到的事件，参考：[`Received`](#received)、[`LastReceived`](#lastreceived)。
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:::important 提示
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`receive` 装饰器可以和自身与 `got` 装饰器嵌套使用
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:::
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:::warning 注意
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如果存在多个 `receive` 装饰器，则必须指定不相同的多个 `id`；否则相同的 `id` 将会被跳过接收。
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```python
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matcher = on_message()
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@matcher.receive("id1")
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@matcher.receive("id2")
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async def handle_func():
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# do something here
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```
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:::
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### 使用 `got` 装饰器
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```python {3-5}
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matcher = on_message()
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@matcher.got("key", prompt="Key?")
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async def handle_func(key: Message = Arg()):
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# do something here
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```
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`got` 装饰器与 `receive` 装饰器一样，会中断当前事件处理流程，等待接收一个新的事件。但与 `receive` 装饰器不同的是，`got` 装饰器用于接收一条消息，并且可以控制是否向用户发送询问 `prompt` 等，更贴近于对话形式会话。
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`got` 装饰器接受一个参数 `key` 和一个可选参数 `prompt`，当 `key` 不存在时，会向用户发送 `prompt` 消息，并等待用户回复。
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在 `handle_func` 函数中，可以通过依赖注入的方式来获取接收到的消息，参考：[`Arg`](#arg)、[`ArgStr`](#argstr)、[`ArgPlainText`](#argplaintext)。
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:::important 提示
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`got` 装饰器可以和自身与 `receive` 装饰器嵌套使用
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:::
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### 直接添加
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```python {2}
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matcher = on_message(
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handlers=[handle_func, or_dependent]
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)
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```
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:::warning 注意
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通过该方法添加的处理依赖将会处于整个事件处理流程的最前，因此，如果再使用 `handle` 等装饰器，则会在其之后。
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:::
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## 事件处理流程
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在一个事件响应器中，事件被添加的处理依赖依次执行，直到所有处理依赖都执行完毕，或者遇到了某个处理依赖需要更多的事件来进行下一步的处理。在下一个事件到来并符合响应要求时，继续执行。更多有关 NoneBot 事件分发与处理流程的详细信息，请参考[进阶 - 深入](../../advanced/README.md)。
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## 获取上下文信息
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在事件处理流程中，事件响应器具有自己独立的上下文，例如：当前的事件、机器人等信息，可以通过依赖注入的方式来获取。
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### Bot
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获取当前事件的 Bot 对象。
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```python {7-9}
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from typing import Union
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from nonebot.adapters import Bot
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from nonebot.adapters.ding import Bot as DingBot
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from nonebot.adapters.onebot.v11 import Bot as OneBotV11Bot
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async def _(foo: Bot): ...
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async def _(foo: Union[DingBot, OneBotV11Bot]): ...
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async def _(bot): ... # 兼容性处理
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```
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### Event
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获取当前事件。
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```python {6-8}
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from typing import Union
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from nonebot.adapters import Event
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from nonebot.adapters.onebot.v11 import PrivateMessageEvent, GroupMessageEvent
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async def _(foo: Event): ...
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async def _(foo: Union[PrivateMessageEvent, GroupMessageEvent]): ...
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async def _(event): ... # 兼容性处理
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```
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### EventType
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获取当前事件的类型。
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```python {3}
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from nonebot.params import EventType
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async def _(foo: str = EventType()): ...
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```
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### EventMessage
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获取当前事件的消息。
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```python {4}
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from nonebot.adapters import Message
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from nonebot.params import EventMessage
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async def _(foo: Message = EventMessage()): ...
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```
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### EventPlainText
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获取当前事件的消息纯文本部分。
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```python {3}
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from nonebot.params import EventPlainText
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async def _(foo: str = EventPlainText()): ...
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```
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### EventToMe
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获取当前事件是否与机器人相关。
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```python {3}
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from nonebot.params import EventToMe
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async def _(foo: bool = EventToMe()): ...
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```
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### State
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获取当前事件处理上下文状态，State 为一个字典，用户可以向 State 中添加数据来保存状态等操作。（请注意不要随意覆盖 State 中 NoneBot 的数据）
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```python {4}
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from nonebot.typing import T_State
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async def _(foo: T_State): ...
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```
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### Command
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获取当前命令型消息的元组形式命令名。
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```python {7}
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from nonebot import on_command
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from nonebot.params import Command
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matcher = on_command("cmd")
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: Tuple[str, ...] = Command()): ...
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```
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:::tip 提示
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命令详情只能在首次接收到命令型消息时获取，如果在事件处理后续流程中获取，则会获取到不同的值。
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:::
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### RawCommand
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获取当前命令型消息的文本形式命令名。
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```python {7}
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from nonebot import on_command
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from nonebot.params import RawCommand
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matcher = on_command("cmd")
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: str = RawCommand()): ...
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```
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:::tip 提示
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命令详情只能在首次接收到命令型消息时获取，如果在事件处理后续流程中获取，则会获取到不同的值。
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:::
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### CommandArg
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获取命令型消息命令后跟随的参数。
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```python {8}
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from nonebot import on_command
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from nonebot.adapters import Message
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from nonebot.params import CommandArg
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matcher = on_command("cmd")
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: Message = CommandArg()): ...
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```
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:::tip 提示
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命令详情只能在首次接收到命令型消息时获取，如果在事件处理后续流程中获取，则会获取到不同的值。
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:::
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### CommandStart
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获取命令型消息命令前缀。
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```python {8}
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from nonebot import on_command
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from nonebot.adapters import Message
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from nonebot.params import CommandStart
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matcher = on_command("cmd")
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: str = CommandStart()): ...
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```
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:::tip 提示
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命令详情只能在首次接收到命令型消息时获取，如果在事件处理后续流程中获取，则会获取到不同的值。
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:::
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### ShellCommandArgs
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获取 shell 命令解析后的参数，支持 MessageSegment 富文本（如：图片）。
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:::tip 提示
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如果参数解析失败，则为 [`ParserExit`](../../api/exception.md#ParserExit) 异常，并携带错误码与错误信息。
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由于 `ArgumentParser` 在解析到 `--help` 参数时也会抛出异常，这种情况下错误码为 `0` 且错误信息即为帮助信息。
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:::
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```python {8,12}
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from nonebot import on_shell_command
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from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs
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from nonebot.rule import Namespace, ArgumentParser
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parser = ArgumentParser("demo")
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# parser.add_argument ...
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matcher = on_shell_command("cmd", parser)
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# 解析失败
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: ParserExit = ShellCommandArgs()):
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if foo.status == 0:
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foo.message # help message
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else:
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foo.message # error message
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# 解析成功
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: Namespace = ShellCommandArgs()): ...
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```
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### ShellCommandArgv
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获取 shell 命令解析前的参数列表，支持 MessageSegment 富文本（如：图片）。
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```python {7}
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from nonebot import on_shell_command
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from nonebot.params import ShellCommandArgs
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matcher = on_shell_command("cmd")
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@matcher.handle()
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async def _(foo: List[Union[str, MessageSegment]] = ShellCommandArgv()): ...
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```
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### RegexStr
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获取正则匹配结果的文本。
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```python {7}
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from nonebot import on_regex
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|
|
from nonebot.params import RegexStr
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
matcher = on_regex("regex")
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@matcher.handle()
|
|||
|
|
async def _(foo: str = RegexStr()): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### RegexGroup
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
获取正则匹配结果的 group 元组。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {7}
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot import on_regex
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.params import RegexGroup
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
matcher = on_regex("regex")
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@matcher.handle()
|
|||
|
|
async def _(foo: Tuple[Any, ...] = RegexGroup()): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### RegexDict
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
获取正则匹配结果的 group 字典。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {7}
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot import on_regex
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.params import RegexDict
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
matcher = on_regex("regex")
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@matcher.handle()
|
|||
|
|
async def _(foo: Dict[str, Any] = RegexDict()): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Startswith
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
获取触发响应器的消息前缀字符串。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {7}
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot import on_startswith
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.params import Startswith
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
matcher = on_startswith("prefix")
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@matcher.handle()
|
|||
|
|
async def _(foo: str = Startswith()): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Endswith
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
获取触发响应器的消息后缀字符串。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {7}
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot import on_endswith
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.params import Endswith
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
matcher = on_endswith("suffix")
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@matcher.handle()
|
|||
|
|
async def _(foo: str = Endswith()): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Fullmatch
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
获取触发响应器的消息字符串。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {7}
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot import on_fullmatch
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.params import Fullmatch
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
matcher = on_fullmatch("fullmatch")
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@matcher.handle()
|
|||
|
|
async def _(foo: str = Fullmatch()): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Keyword
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
获取触发响应器的关键字字符串。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {7}
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot import on_keyword
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.params import Keyword
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
matcher = on_keyword({"keyword"})
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@matcher.handle()
|
|||
|
|
async def _(foo: str = Keyword()): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Matcher
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
获取当前事件响应器实例。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {7}
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot import on_message
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.matcher import Matcher
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
foo = on_message()
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@foo.handle()
|
|||
|
|
async def _(matcher: Matcher): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Received
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
获取某次 `receive` 接收的事件。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {8}
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot import on_message
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.adapters import Event
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.params import Received
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
matcher = on_message()
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@matcher.receive("id")
|
|||
|
|
async def _(foo: Event = Received("id")): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### LastReceived
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
获取最近一次 `receive` 接收的事件。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {8}
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot import on_message
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.adapters import Event
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.params import LastReceived
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
matcher = on_message()
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@matcher.receive("any")
|
|||
|
|
async def _(foo: Event = LastReceived()): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Arg
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
获取某次 `got` 接收的参数。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {8-9}
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.params import Arg
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot import on_message
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.adapters import Message
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
matcher = on_message()
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@matcher.got("key")
|
|||
|
|
async def _(key: Message = Arg()): ...
|
|||
|
|
async def _(foo: Message = Arg("key")): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### ArgStr
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
获取某次 `got` 接收的参数，并转换为字符串。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {7-8}
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot import on_message
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.params import ArgStr
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
matcher = on_message()
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@matcher.got("key")
|
|||
|
|
async def _(key: str = ArgStr()): ...
|
|||
|
|
async def _(foo: str = ArgStr("key")): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### ArgPlainText
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
获取某次 `got` 接收的参数的纯文本部分。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {7-8}
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot import on_message
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.params import ArgPlainText
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
matcher = on_message()
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@matcher.got("key")
|
|||
|
|
async def _(key: str = ArgPlainText()): ...
|
|||
|
|
async def _(foo: str = ArgPlainText("key")): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Exception
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
获取事件响应器运行中抛出的异常。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {4}
|
|||
|
|
from nonebot.message import run_postprocessor
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@run_postprocessor
|
|||
|
|
async def _(e: Exception): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
### Default
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
带有默认值的参数，便于复用依赖。
|
|||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
```python {1}
|
|||
|
|
async def _(foo="bar"): ...
|
|||
|
|
```
|