2022-02-08 14:46:43 +08:00
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---
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2022-02-12 14:07:42 +08:00
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sidebar_position: 11
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2022-02-08 14:46:43 +08:00
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description: 部署你的机器人
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---
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# 部署
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在编写完成后,你需要部署你的机器人来使得用户能够使用它。通常,会将机器人部署在服务器上,来保证服务持久运行。
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在开发时机器人运行的环境称为开发环境,而在部署后机器人运行的环境称为生产环境。与开发环境不同的是,在生产环境中,开发者通常不能随意地修改/添加/删除代码,开启或停止服务。
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## 部署前准备
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在生产环境中,为确保机器人能够正常运行,你需要固定你的依赖库版本。下面提供了几种常见的文件格式与生成方式:
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- `poetry.lock`
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2022-02-08 14:59:54 +08:00
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2022-02-08 14:46:43 +08:00
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[poetry](https://python-poetry.org/) 依赖管理工具使用的 lock 文件,通常会在安装依赖时自动生成,或者使用 `poetry lock` 来生成。
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2022-02-08 14:59:54 +08:00
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2022-02-08 14:46:43 +08:00
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- `pdm.lock`
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2022-02-08 14:59:54 +08:00
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2022-02-08 14:46:43 +08:00
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[pdm](https://pdm.fming.dev/) 依赖管理工具使用的 lock 文件,通常会在安装依赖时自动生成,或者使用 `pdm lock` 来生成。
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2022-02-08 14:59:54 +08:00
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2022-02-08 14:46:43 +08:00
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- `Pipfile.lock`
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2022-02-08 14:59:54 +08:00
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2022-02-08 14:46:43 +08:00
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[Pipenv](https://pipenv.pypa.io/en/latest/) 依赖管理工具使用的 lock 文件,通常会在安装依赖时自动生成,或者使用 `pipenv lock` 来生成。
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2022-02-08 14:59:54 +08:00
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2022-02-08 14:46:43 +08:00
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- `requirements.txt`
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2022-02-08 14:59:54 +08:00
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2022-02-08 14:46:43 +08:00
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如果你未使用任何依赖管理工具,你可以使用 `pip freeze` 来生成这个文件。
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## 使用 Docker 部署(推荐)
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请自行参考 [Docker 官方文档](https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/) 安装 Docker。
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在生产环境安装 [docker-compose](https://docs.docker.com/compose/) 工具以便部署机器人。
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### 编译镜像与部署配置
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在项目目录下添加以下两个文件(以 poetry 和 FastAPI 驱动器为例):
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```dockerfile title=Dockerfile
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FROM python:3.9 as requirements-stage
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WORKDIR /tmp
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COPY ./pyproject.toml ./poetry.lock* /tmp/
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RUN curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org -o install-poetry.py
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RUN python install-poetry.py --yes
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ENV PATH="${PATH}:/root/.local/bin"
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RUN poetry export -f requirements.txt --output requirements.txt --without-hashes
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FROM tiangolo/uvicorn-gunicorn-fastapi:python3.9
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WORKDIR /app
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COPY --from=requirements-stage /tmp/requirements.txt /app/requirements.txt
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RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade -r requirements.txt
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RUN rm requirements.txt
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COPY ./ /app/
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```
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```yaml title=docker-compose.yml
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version: "3"
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services:
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nonebot:
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build: .
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ports:
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- "8080:8080" # 映射端口到宿主机 宿主机端口:容器端口
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env_file:
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- ".env.prod" # fastapi 使用的环境变量文件
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environment:
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- ENVIRONMENT=prod
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- APP_MODULE=bot:app
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- MAX_WORKERS=1
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network_mode: bridge
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```
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配置完成后即可使用 `docker-compose up -d` 命令来启动机器人并在后台运行。
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### CI/CD
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配合 GitHub Actions 可以完成 CI/CD,在 GitHub 上发布 Release 时自动部署至生产环境。
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在 [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/) 上创建仓库,并将下方 workflow 文件中高亮行中的仓库名称替换为你的仓库名称。
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前往项目仓库的 `Settings` > `Secrets` > `actions` 栏目 `New Repository Secret` 添加部署所需的密钥:
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- `DOCKERHUB_USERNAME`: 你的 Docker Hub 用户名
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- `DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD`: 你的 Docker Hub PAT([创建方法](https://docs.docker.com/docker-hub/access-tokens/))
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- `DEPLOY_HOST`: 部署服务器的 SSH 地址
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- `DEPLOY_USER`: 部署服务器用户名
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- `DEPLOY_KEY`: 部署服务器私钥 ([创建方法](https://github.com/appleboy/ssh-action#setting-up-a-ssh-key))
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- `DEPLOY_PATH`: 部署服务器上的项目路径
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将以下文件添加至项目下的 `.github/workflows/` 目录下:
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```yaml title=.github/workflows/build.yml {30}
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name: Docker Hub Release
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on:
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push:
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tags:
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- "v*"
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jobs:
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docker:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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steps:
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- name: Checkout
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uses: actions/checkout@v2
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- name: Setup Docker
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uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v1
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- name: Login to DockerHub
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uses: docker/login-action@v1
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with:
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username: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_USERNAME }}
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password: ${{ secrets.DOCKERHUB_PASSWORD }}
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- name: Generate Tags
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uses: docker/metadata-action@v3
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id: metadata
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with:
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images: |
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{organization}/{repository}
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tags: |
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type=semver,pattern={{version}}
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type=sha
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- name: Build and Publish
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uses: docker/build-push-action@v2
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with:
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context: .
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push: true
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tags: ${{ steps.metadata.outputs.tags }}
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labels: ${{ steps.metadata.outputs.labels }}
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```
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```yaml title=.github/workflows/deploy.yml
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name: Deploy
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on:
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workflow_run:
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workflows:
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- Docker Hub Release
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types:
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- completed
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jobs:
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deploy:
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runs-on: ubuntu-latest
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if: ${{ github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success' }}
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steps:
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- name: start deployment
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uses: bobheadxi/deployments@v1
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id: deployment
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with:
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step: start
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token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
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env: official-bot
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- name: remote ssh command
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uses: appleboy/ssh-action@master
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env:
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DEPLOY_PATH: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_PATH }}
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with:
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host: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_HOST }}
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username: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_USER }}
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key: ${{ secrets.DEPLOY_KEY }}
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envs: DEPLOY_PATH
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script: |
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cd $DEPLOY_PATH
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docker-compose down
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docker-compose pull
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docker-compose up -d
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- name: update deployment status
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uses: bobheadxi/deployments@v0.6.2
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if: always()
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with:
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step: finish
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token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
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status: ${{ job.status }}
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deployment_id: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.deployment_id }}
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```
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将上一部分的 `docker-compose.yml` 文件以及 `.env.prod` 配置文件添加至 `DEPLOY_PATH` 目录下,并修改 `docker-compose.yml` 文件中的镜像配置,替换为 Docker Hub 的仓库名称。
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```diff
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- build: .
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+ image: {organization}/{repository}:latest
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```
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## 使用 Supervisor 部署
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参考:[Uvicorn - Supervisor](https://www.uvicorn.org/deployment/#supervisor)
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2022-02-08 14:59:54 +08:00
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```ini
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[supervisord]
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[fcgi-program:nonebot]
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socket=tcp://localhost:8080
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command=python3 -m uvicorn --fd 0 bot:app
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directory=/path/to/bot
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autorestart=true
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startsecs=10
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startretries=3
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numprocs=1
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process_name=%(program_name)s-%(process_num)d
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stdout_logfile=/path/to/log/nonebot.out.log
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stdout_logfile_maxbytes=2MB
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```
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:::warning 警告
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请配合虚拟环境使用,如 venv 等,请勿直接在 Linux 服务器系统环境中安装。
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:::
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## 使用 PM2 部署
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2022-04-30 14:40:25 +08:00
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:::tip 提示
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在阅读这一节的过程中, 你总是可以参照 [PM2 官方文档](https://pm2.keymetrics.io/docs/usage/quick-start/) 来得到更多的信息
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:::
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### 安装 PM2
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需要有 NodeJS 10+环境来运行 PM2, ~~(什么 NTR)~~
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然后通过以下命令安装即可:
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```shell
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npm install -g pm2
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```
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在安装完成后, 执行以下指令, 如果得到类似的输出则说明你安装成功了 PM2:
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```shell
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$ pm2 -V
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5.2.0
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```
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### 在后台运行进程
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:::tip 提示
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以下步骤要求您在您 Bot 的工作目录下执行
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如果您使用了虚拟环境, 请确保 Bot 启动命令能在虚拟环境中正常执行
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换言之, Bot 程序需要在当前终端环境下正常运行
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:::
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#### 启动 Bot 进程
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```shell
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$ pm2 start "python -m nb_cli run" # 或者直接 nb run 也行
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[PM2] Starting /usr/bin/bash in fork_mode (1 instance)
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[PM2] Done.
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┌─────┬────────┬─────────────┬─────────┬─────────┬──────────┬────────┬──────┬───────────┬──────────┬──────────┬──────────┬──────────┐
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│ id │ name │ namespace │ version │ mode │ pid │ uptime │ ↺ │ status │ cpu │ mem │ user │ watching │
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├─────┼────────┼─────────────┼─────────┼─────────┼──────────┼────────┼──────┼───────────┼──────────┼──────────┼──────────┼──────────┤
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│ 0 │ nb run │ default │ N/A │ fork │ 93061 │ 0s │ 0 │ online │ 0% │ 8.3mb │ mix │ disabled │
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└─────┴────────┴─────────────┴─────────┴─────────┴──────────┴────────┴──────┴───────────┴──────────┴──────────┴──────────┴──────────┘
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```
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此时 Bot 进程就在后台运行了, 注意到表格第一列的 ID, 它可以用来查看和控制进程的状态
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#### 常用命令
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更具体的用法请移步 PM2 官方文档, ~~如果想要详细示例建议直接上手试试~~
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其中命令中的所有`<id>`应该替换为上文启动进程后返回的 ID
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- 查看最近 150 行日志
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- `pm2 log <id> --lines 150`
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- 实时监控所有进程日志
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- `pm2 monit`
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- 展示当前 PM2 管理的所有进程
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- `pm2 ls`
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- 停止某个进程
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- `pm2 stop <id>`
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- 删除某个进程
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- `pm2 del <id>`
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- 重启某个进程
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- `pm2 restart <id>`
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- 保存当前进程列表
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- `pm2 save`
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- 恢复保存的进程列表
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- `pm2 resurrect`
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- 设置开机自动启动进程列表
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- `pm2 startup`
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- 需要执行过 `pm2 save`
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如果不是 root 用户执行, 则需要手动添加指令返回的环境变量
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