2024-08-12 05:50:12 +08:00
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---
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title: 进程通信
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icon: exchange-alt
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order: 4
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category: 开发
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---
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2024-08-17 00:18:06 +08:00
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## **通道通信**
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### 简介
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2024-08-12 05:50:12 +08:00
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轻雪运行在主进程 MainProcess 里,其他插件框架进程是伴随的子进程,因此无法通过内存共享和直接对象传递的方式进行通信,轻雪提供了一个通道`Channel`用于跨进程通信,你可以通过`Channel`发送消息给其他进程,也可以监听其他进程的消息。
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例如子进程接收到用户信息需要重启机器人,这时可以通过通道对主进程发送消息,主进程接收到消息后重启对应子进程。
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2024-08-17 00:18:06 +08:00
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### 快速开始
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2024-08-12 05:50:12 +08:00
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通道是全双工的,有两种接收模式,但一个通道只能使用一种,即被动模式和主动模式,被动模式由`chan.on_receive()`装饰回调函数实现,主动模式需调用`chan.receive()`实现
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轻雪核心在创建子进程的同时会初始化两个通道,一个被动通道和一个主动通道,且通道标识为`{process_name}-active`和`{process_name}-passive`,你可以通过`get_channel`函数获取通道对象,然后通过`send`方法发送消息
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- 在轻雪插件中
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```python
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import asyncio
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from liteyuki.comm import get_channel, Channel
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from liteyuki import get_bot
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2024-08-12 06:07:01 +08:00
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# get_channel函数获取通道对象,参数为调用set_channel时的通道标识
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# 每个进程只能获取在当前进程通过set_channel设置的通道
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# 轻雪已经在创建进程时把每个通道都传递给了主进程和子进程,以便在哪个进程都可以被获取
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channel_passive = get_channel("nonebot-passive") # 获取被动通道
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channel_active = get_channel("nonebot-active") # 获取主动通道
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liteyuki_bot = get_bot()
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2024-08-12 06:07:01 +08:00
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# 注册一个函数在轻雪启动后运行
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@liteyuki_bot.on_after_start
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async def do_something_after_start():
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while True:
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channel_passive.send("I am liteyuki main process passive")
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await asyncio.sleep(0.1)
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channel_active.send("I am liteyuki main process active")
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await asyncio.sleep(3)
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```
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- 在子进程中(可以是NoneBot插件中)
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```python
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from nonebot import get_driver
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from liteyuki.comm import get_channel
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from liteyuki.log import logger
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driver = get_driver()
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2024-08-12 06:07:01 +08:00
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# 通过get_channel函数获取通道对象,参数为调用set_channel时的通道标识
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channel_passive = get_channel("nonebot-passive")
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channel_active = get_channel("nonebot-active")
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2024-08-12 06:07:01 +08:00
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# 被动模式,通过装饰器注册一个函数在接收到消息时运行,每次接收到字符串数据时都会运行
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@channel_passive.on_receive(filter_func=lambda data: isinstance(data, str))
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async def on_passive_receive(data):
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logger.info(f"Passive receive: {data}")
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2024-08-12 06:07:01 +08:00
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# 注册一个函数在NoneBot启动后运行
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@driver.on_startup
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async def on_startup():
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while True:
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data = channel_active.receive()
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logger.info(f"Active receive: {data}")
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```
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- 启动后控制台输出
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```shell
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..-..-.. ..:..:.. [ℹ️信息] Passive receive: I am liteyuki main process passive
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..-..-.. ..:..:.. [ℹ️信息] Active receive: I am liteyuki main process active
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..-..-.. ..:..:.. [ℹ️信息] Passive receive: I am liteyuki main process passive
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..-..-.. ..:..:.. [ℹ️信息] Active receive: I am liteyuki main process active
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...
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2024-08-17 00:18:06 +08:00
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```
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## **共享内存通信**
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### 简介
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- 相比于普通进程通信,内存共享使得代码编写更加简洁,轻雪框架提供了一个内存共享通信的接口,你可以通过`storage`模块实现内存共享通信
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- 内存共享是线程安全的,你可以在多个线程中读写共享内存,线程锁会自动保护共享内存的读写操作
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### 快速开始
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- 在任意进程中均可使用
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```python
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from liteyuki.comm.storage import shared_memory
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shared_memory.set("key", "value") # 设置共享内存
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value = shared_memory.get("key") # 获取共享内存
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```
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- 源代码:[liteyuki/comm/storage.py](https://github.com/LiteyukiStudio/LiteyukiBot/blob/main/liteyuki/comm/storage.py)
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